Kyphosis

Kyphosis is a deformity of the spine that results in a segment of the spine curving more than is normal. Since the vertebrae are no longer stacked properly, the muscle and nerve functions are altered and can cause pain and impaired nerve function. At its worst, the abnormal curvature of the spine can result in a hunchback.

Causes:

Kyphosis in children is due to abnormal development either at birth or during adolescence. Kyphosis can also be caused by poor posture.

Other causes:

Fractures to the spine
Infection
Injury
Osteoporosis (degeneration of the vertebral bones)
Tumors

This can be prevented by:

Accident prevention
Avoiding smoking
Consistent and sensible exercise
Good nutrition
Maintaining good posture
Proper lifting

Symptoms:

Can develop rapidly or grow in intensity over time
Impaired nerve function and pain

Diagnosis:

Physical examination to determine the extent of the curvature
Diagnostic Imaging
X-rays